Vagina surgery & cosmetic & tightining

Vagina surgery & cosmetic & re

labia reduction is becoming more popular as acceptance of cosmetic and reconstructive vaginal plastic surgery becomes mainstream thought. Labia reduction surgery and vaginal tightening or vaginal rejuvenation are becoming as nearly as common today as other cosmetic surgeries, including breast implants and rhinoplasty. New advances in labioplasty and vaginoplasty have lessened the pain, scarring 

On examination the patient seemed well, but her abdomen was distended and tender in the suprapubic, left and right iliac fossa regions. Bowel sounds were absent. On inspection of the genital region there was evidence of vaginal prolapse with a 20-30 cm evisceration of small bowel via a vaginal vault defect. The patient was immediately referred to the gynaecology team.

vaginal examination

Often there are no symptoms and cancer is found through a routine gynecologic exam:

 Women who suspect exposure to DES should undergo a more careful gynecological exam on a regular basis because the normal procedure does not closely examine the areas of the vagina.

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
Vaginal discharge is a common symptom in women. It is normal especially in child bearing age. Normal vaginal discharge is not of much concern but an abnormal vaginal discharge should be taken seriously as it can be a symptom of vaginal cancer. This care is rare and not as much of troublesome but one should consult and should diagnose the abnormal vaginal cancer by a doctor as a precautionary step.

 this documentary focuses on the rise in vaginal cosmetic surgery, specifically labiaplasty. For the uninitiated, labiaplasty involves cutting off the inner labia so that they don’t ‘hang’ below the outer labia. Ouch! The labiaplasty business has skyrocketed over the past few years, and Lisa’s mission was to find out why so many women hate the appearance of their vulvas to the point that they’d willingly have pieces of them surgically removed.

2 parts
http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/ca...462995axAfegdx
http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/ca...467486dQ6e85n7

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vagina 2

The human vagina is an elastic muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the vulva The internal lining of the vagina consists of stratified squamous epithelium. Beneath this lining is a layer of smooth muscle, which may contract during sexual intercourse and when giving birth. Beneath the muscle is a layer of connective tissue called adventitia.

Although there is wide anatomical variation, the length of the unaroused vagina of a woman of child-bearing age is approximately 6 to 7.5 cm (2.5 to 3 in) across the anterior wall (front), and 9 cm (3.5 in) long across the posterior wall (rear). During sexual arousal the vagina expands in both length and width. Its elasticity allows it to stretch during sexual intercourse and during birth to offspring. The vagina connects the superficial vulva to the cervix of the deep uterus.

If the woman stands upright, the vaginal tube points in an upward-backward direction and forms an angle of slightly more than 45 degrees with the uterus. The vaginal opening is at the caudal end of the vulva, behind the opening of the urethra. The upper one-fourth of the vagina is separated from the rectum by the recto-uterine pouch. Above the vagina is the Mons pubis. The vagina, along with the inside of the vulva, is reddish pink in color, as are most healthy internal mucous membranes in mammals. A series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of the outer third of the vagina is called the vaginal rugae. They are transverse epithelial ridges and their function is to provide the vagina with increased surface area for extension and stretching.

Vaginal lubrication is provided by the Bartholin's glands near the vaginal opening and the cervix. The membrane of the vaginal wall also produces moisture, although it does not contain any glands. Before and during ovulation, the cervix's mucus glands secrete different variations of mucus, which provides an alkaline environment in the vaginal canal that is favorable to the survival of sperm. "Vaginal lubrication typically decreases as women age, but this is a natural physical change that does not normally mean there is any physical or psychological problem. After menopause, the body produces less estrogen, which, unless compensated for with estrogen replacement therapy, causes the vaginal walls to thin out significantly."

The hymen is a membrane of tissue that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. The tissue may or may not be ruptured by vaginal penetration. It can also be ruptured by delivery, a pelvic examination, injury, or sports. The absence of a hymen may not indicate prior sexual activity. Similarly, its presence may not indicate a lack of prior sexual activity.

Signs of disease

Common signs of vaginal disease are lumps, discharge and sores:

Lumps

The presence of unusual lumps in the wall or base of the vagina is always abnormal. The most common of these is Bartholin's cyst. The cyst, which can feel like a pea, is formed by a blockage in glands which normally supply the opening of the vagina. This condition is easily treated with minor surgery or silver nitrate. Other less common causes of small lumps or vesicles are herpes simplex. They are usually multiple and very painful with a clear fluid leaving a crust. They may be associated with generalized swelling and are very tender. Lumps associated with cancer of the vaginal wall are very rare and the average age of onset is seventy years. The most common form is squamous cell carcinoma, then cancer of the glands or adenocarcinoma and finally, and even more rarely, melanoma.

Discharge

Main article: Vaginal discharge

Some vaginal discharges are normal all the time. Some are normal results of menstruation. Some are normal results of sexual arousal. Some may indicate disease.
The great majority of vaginal discharges are normal or physiological and include blood or menses (from the uterus), the most common, and clear fluid either as a result of sexual arousal or secretions from the cervix. Other non-infective causes include dermatitis. Non-sexually transmitted discharges occur from bacterial vaginosis and thrush or candidiasis. The final group of discharges include the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis.  The discharge from thrush is slightly pungent and white, that from trichomoniasis more foul and greenish, and that from foreign bodies resembling the discharge of gonorrhea, greyish or yellow and purulent (pus-like).

Sores

All sores involve a breakdown in the walls of the fine membrane of the vaginal wall. The most common of these are abrasions and small ulcers caused by trauma. While these can be inflicted during rape most are actually caused by excessive rubbing from clothing or improper insertion of a sanitary tampon. The typical ulcer or sore caused by syphilis is painless with raised edges. These are often undetected because they occur mostly inside the vagina. The sores of herpes which occur with vesicles are extremely tender and may cause such swelling that passing urine is difficult. In the developing world a group of parasitic diseases also cause vaginal ulceration such as Leishmaniasis but these are rarely encountered in the west. HIV/AIDS can be contracted through the vagina during intercourse but is not associated with any local vaginal or vulval disease. All the above local vulvovaginal diseases are easily treated. Often only shame prevents patients from presenting for treatment.

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fertilization womens & men

. Gametogenesis:
* the production of gametes

A) Male Reproductive System

* carries out spermatogenesis; the production of 4 monoploid sperm from one primary sex cell
* deposits sperm within the female reproductive tract for internal fertilization

1) testes
* produces sperm
* produces testosterone (male sex hormone) which:

a) regulates the maturation of sperm
b) development of secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair and a deeper voice

* the testes are located in the scrotum outside the internal body cavity to keep the testes 1-2 degrees Celsius cooler than the body for the optimum temperature for producing and storage sperm
2) glands and tubes
* sperm are produced in the testes and are stored in the tube called the epididymis
* they are then carried through the abdominal cavity by the tube called the vas deferens which...
* connects with the urethra (leads out of the penis)
* along the way through the tubes, certain glands add fluids to the sperm to nourish them and protect them from the acidic environment of the woman's vagina such as:

a) prostrate gland
b) seminal vesicles
c) Cowper's gland

* these secretions and sperm are referred to as SEMEN as is released during ejaculation

3) penis
* an adaptation for internal fertilization
gets the sperm up into the female's reproductive tract

B) Female Reproductive System
* carries out oogenesis; the production of one viable monoploid (usable) egg and 3 non-viable polar bodies from one primary sex cell
* produces many hormones, including estrogen and progesterone which:

a) control menstrual cycle
b) development of secondary sex characteristics, such as development of mammary glands (breasts) and the broadeneing of pelvis (hips)

responsible for the internal development of offspring!

1) ovaries (2 of them)
* mature eggs in small cavities called follicles (remember FSH-- Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
* all eggs are present by the time the female is born

OVULATION: when eggs are matured and released

2) oviduct
* after ovulation, the egg is transported through the oviduct (a.k.a. Fallopian tubes) heading towards the uterus
* if the egg is to be fertilized, it happens in the oviducts
3) uterus
* where the embryo implants if development occurs
* at the lower end of the uterus is the cervix, which leads to the muscular tube called the vagina
* the vagina is opening between the internal and external environment

II. The Menstrual Cycle
* begins at puberty and ends at menopause (which is a permanent cessation (stoppage)
* usually lasts approximately 28 days
* can vary a great deal due to:

1) age
2) illness
3) pregnancy
4) stress
5) other factors

* there are 4 stages to the menstrual cycle:

A) follicle stage:
* FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), produced by the pituitary (of the endocrine system) tells the egg to mature
* estrogen is produced from the ovary to build up the uterine lining (blood vessels) in case the embryo implants AND to stimulate ovulation * ~days 1-14 of the cycle

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

as the estrogen levels get higher, the pituitary inhibits (slows) its production of FSH and stimulates (speeds up) the production of LH (luteinizing hormone); this leads to...

B) ovulation:
* the mature egg is released from the follicle around day 14
* the high levels of LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates the ruptured follicle to transform into the corpus luteum
C) corpus luteum stage:
* the newly formed corpus luteum (in the ovary) now secretes progesterone which will prepare the uterine lining for possible fertilization/implantation
* ~days 14-26 of the cycle

III. Fertilization in Humans

* happens internally
* after ovulation, fertilization usually occurs in the oviduct (Fallopian tubes)
* if not fertilized within ~24 hours, the egg deteriorates and can no longer be fertilized
* cleavage begins in the oviduct
* ~ 6-10 days later, the developing embryo (now a blastula) may be implanted in the lining of the uterus

* gastrulation and differentiation occur after the embryo has been implanted in the uterine walls

* if more than one egg is produced, you can have more than one embryo

FRATERNAL TWINS result when 2 eggs are fertilized by 2 different sperm cels

IDENTICAL TWINS result with 1 egg gets fertilized by 1 sperm; during cleavage, the zygote breaks off into two completely separate cells

* external fertilization- fusion of gametes OUTSIDE the mother's reproductive tract as in...
* in vitro fertilization- where an egg (ovum) and sperm are fused externally and the embryo is then implanted artificially into the mother (test tube baby)

IV. Human Development
* the time between fertilization and birth is referred to as the gestation period
* in humans, the gestation period is about 9 months* at the end of the gestation period, the secretion of progesterone from the ovary decreases and another hormone from the pituitary gland causes the females body to go into labor

A) Pre-Natal Development

* development before birth
* the first 2 months are the most important--this is when the cells become specialized--differentiation
* MANY THINGS CAN GO WRONG!!!
* there is a 5% chance that the developing embryo/fetus can have some sort of DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY automatically, without any other influences
* the number can go up depending on many factors such as:

1) genetic problems
* defective genes and/or chromosomes that often runs through families
* these are present at conception (fertilization)
2) acquired problems
* problems that can be prevented!

a) drug, alcohol, and tobacco abuse
* leads to low birth weight (less than 5 pounds at birth), which is the leading cause of developmental disability--lots of problems
* possible cerebral palsy, seizure disorders (epilepsy), immature organs (heart, liver, kidney), RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), non-developed immune system

THIS CAN BE PREVENTED! IF YOU ARE PREGNANT, DON'T LET CHEMICALS GET INTO YOUR BLOOD WHICH CAN THEN GET INTO YOUR DEVELOPING CHILD'S BLOOD

b) maternal/paternal factors
c) STD's (sexually transmitted diseases)
d) mother nature
e) poor prenatal care
* mother doesn't go to the doctor
* bad diet (caffeine and any other chemicals)
f) teenage parents
* your bodies are not fully developed yet, so what are the chances that the children of the children will be healthy?

B) Post-Natal Development

* development after birth
* happens at different rates until the person is a mature adult, where it slows down, until eventually death...? what about telomeres? or aging genes turned off? ...who wants to live forever?

aging-- the complex developmental changes that occurs naturally, with the passage of time

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orgasm female

The questions are innumerable... How does it happen? Is every woman able to have this experience? What does climax feel like? Are there variations of orgasm? Why does it take longer for females to achieve climax?

What happens during climaxAfter a woman becomes sexually aroused, her heart beats faster while her breathing quickens. Often, she'll tighten various muscles all over her body. Her breasts usually enlarge somewhat, the nipples tend to stand out while the areolas become noticeably enlarged. Some women flush red on their face, neck and chest. The visible part of the clitoris also swells slightly.

Secretions occur inside and at the opening of the vagina. Her labia flatten and open. The vagina lengthens and widens internally, changing what was a potential space into more of an actual space. These vaginal changes are mainly a result of a rush of blood to the pelvic area -- called engorgement -- which provides a generally pleasurable warmth in a female's genital area.
As her arousal increases, so does engorgement as well as most of the changes mentioned above becoming more pronounced. The one area that doesn't follow this pattern is the clitoris. Instead of continually swelling, it actually begins to retract under the clitoral hood and decreases in length by about 50%. This is a sign that orgasm is imminent for most women, as long as optimal stimulation continues.

The orgasm itself begins with strong muscle contractions. These contractions can be finished within four seconds or last up to about 15 seconds. They tend to occur at intervals of 0.8 seconds. Also, the inner two-thirds of the vagina usually open up even more, while the uterus contracts.
During orgasm, skin flushing generally reaches its maximum. Muscles may keep contracting, while blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate continue to rise. Some women make sounds reflecting the pleasure they are experiencing.

Signs confirming orgasmRhythmic muscle contractions occur in the outer third of the vagina, the uterus and anus. The first muscle contractions are the most intense, and occur at a rate of about 1 per second. As the orgasm continues, the contractions become less intense and occur at a more random rate.
A mild orgasm may have 3 -5 contractions, an intense orgasm 10 -15.The "sex flush" (redness) becomes even more pronounced and may cover a greater percentage of the body.Muscles throughout the body may contract during orgasm, not just those in the pelvic area.Some women will emit or spray some fluid from their urethra during orgasm. This is often called female ejaculation.
A woman's facial expression may indicate that she is in pain when she is having a pleasurable orgasm.At the peak of orgasm the entire body may become momentarily rigid. What does orgasm feel like?Women who have never experienced orgasm, and women who are not sure if they have, often ask, "What does an orgasm feel like?" This is a hard, if not impossible, question to answer. Imagine trying to explain to someone what it feels like to sneeze or yawn. Not easy to do. How our senses and brain interpret physical stimuli is subjective, that is dependent solely on the individual's perceptions. Subjective reports frequently mention a sensation of tingling in the spine, brain, and genital areas. While some women relay an experience being on the verge of passing out, others report a level of enjoyment only somewhat less than that of "the earth moving". If a woman has experienced some form of nerve damage, she may not be able to tell if she has had an orgasm.Female sensual receptorsAlthough it's true that the entire body is in some way involved during climax, the key sensual receptor will always be the clitoris. Without engaging the clitoris directly or indirectly, there can be no prospect of orgasm. It seems difficult, particularly for men to understand that something as diminutive as the clitoris could be so vitally important. How could this tiny, almost external appendage be infinitely more sensitive than the vagina itself?
Intuition would make you believe that the lining or walls of the vagina are somehow more akin to the tip penis. Following that logic these two matching surfaces would engage one another during intercourse... resulting in ultimate mutual pleasure, physically and emotionally. Yet for some reason mother nature has played a trick. During intercourse primarily the emotional element comes into play, as the female creates a physical union with male.There is a simple but not necessarily well known explanation for this circumstance. Unlike the glands of the penis, the vagina has relatively few sensual receptors. Ironically, the deeper the penetration, the fewer the receptors. The relatively few nerve receptors which do exist in the vagina are actually located to the upper third; which in many women may be only marginally sensitive at best.
For a woman to achieve climax the clitoris  must be stimulated in some fashion. This can be accomplished in two ways, directly or indirectly. With the indirect method the males pubic bone may push up against the clitoris while thrusting during intercourse. Or the penis may rub against the vulva, which because of its proximity to the clitoris, may result in indirect stimulation. Considering these circumstances it should be evident that indirect stimulation of the clitoris is not very efficient. It's actually a testimonial to the clitoris's remarkable sensitivity that indirect stimulation is even sufficient to produce climax for about 30 - 40% of women. Depending on the result of any particular survey.

By most accounts the clitoris is the counterpart of the tip or "glans" of the penis, with three primary differences: a) the urethra does not pass though the clitoris. b) it's smaller in size. 3) it's significantly more sensitive due to the greater number of nerve receptors (per square inch) than those found on the glans of the penis.

In this case it should be fair to assume that it's not possible for the majority of women to reach climax solely as a result of intercourse in the missionary position (face to face).

What might be the alternative?Any position which allows the male partner easy and unrestricted access to the clitoris. For example: with the male laying on his back, and the female straddling his waist (facing him). In this position it's easily possible for the female to engage in thrusting, while allowing the male to directly stimulate her clitoris with his fingers.Another alternative... more secure couples may decide to engage in intercourse with the male entering from the rear. With the female positioned in a forward kneeling position, she would have one hand free. This would allow her to stroke her clitoris to the point of full climax in concert with the thrusting action of her partner. The Application of this technique may make it possible for the couple to coordinate their efforts of reaching that elusive and highly prized "simultaneous" orgasm.

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penis and vagina festivals in japan

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